---
title: Emulsion Lipid Digestion & Satiety Study - Effect of Physical State and Acid Stability
nct_id: NCT03990246
overall_status: COMPLETED
phase: NA
sponsor: University of Guelph
study_type: INTERVENTIONAL
primary_condition: Healthy
countries: Canada
canonical_url: "https://parkinsonspathways.com/agent/trials/NCT03990246.md"
clinicaltrials_gov: "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03990246"
ct_last_update_post_date: 2020-10-27
last_seen_at: "2026-05-12T07:01:04.714Z"
source: ClinicalTrials.gov (mirrored, no enrichment)
---
# Emulsion Lipid Digestion & Satiety Study - Effect of Physical State and Acid Stability

**Official Title:** Impact of Emulsion Droplet Physical Properties on Postprandial Lipemia and Satiety in Healthy Adult Males

**NCT ID:** [NCT03990246](https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03990246)

## Key Facts

- **Status:** COMPLETED
- **Phase:** NA
- **Study Type:** INTERVENTIONAL
- **Target Enrollment:** 15
- **Lead Sponsor:** University of Guelph
- **Conditions:** Healthy
- **Start Date:** 2019-06-12
- **Completion Date:** 2020-08-31
- **CT.gov Last Update:** 2020-10-27

## Brief Summary

The purpose of this study is to compare the changes in blood lipids and feelings of satiety after consumption of acid stable or acid unstable oil-in-water emulsions in which the droplets are in either the liquid or partially solid (i.e. crystalline) states.

## Detailed Description

A double blinded randomized cross-over acute meal study will be carried out in which 15 healthy male participants will attend four study visits, separated by at least one week. On each study visit, fasted participants will consume either the emulsion with solid or liquid droplets and that is either acid stable or acid unstable, in a randomized order. All emulsions will have similar compositions, mainly differing in terms of droplet physical state, achieved by using lipids with different melting temperature. The emulsions will also contrast in terms of colloidal stability to acids, achieved by using different emulsifiers. This will isolate the impacts of physical state and acid stability, and their interactions. Postprandial lipemia, gastric emptying and satiety will be measured for 6 hours after consumption of each test beverage. The study meals will include crushed acetaminophen, the appearance of which will be measured in plasma as a measure of liquid content gastric emptying. It will also include periodic measurements of the gastric antrum area by ultrasound to assess the rate of gastric emptying. Participants will be asked to maintain their usual lifestyle habits throughout the study, with some changes in the 48 hour period leading up to each of the four visits.

## Eligibility

- **Minimum age:** 18 Years
- **Maximum age:** 55 Years
- **Sex:** MALE
- **Healthy Volunteers:** Yes

```
Inclusion Criteria:

* BMI of 18 - 26 kg/m2
* generally healthy
* non-smoking
* non to moderate alcohol drinkers
* fasting plasma cholesterol level \<5.2 mmol/L
* plasma triacylglycerol level \<1.7 mmol/L
* plasma glucose level \<5.6 mmol/L
* no history of gastric surgeries

Exclusion Criteria:

* History of major medical conditions
* taking prescription medications/ over the counter medications
* taking natural health products/ dietary supplements (other than a multivitamin)
* oral antibiotic use in the previous 3 months
* planning to take oral antibiotics in the next 3 months
* food allergy/anaphylactic/life-threatening allergy
* smokers/ regular users of recreational drugs
* elite/ training athletes
* significant weight loss/ gain during the past 3 months
* previous reaction/ sensitivity to acetaminophen
* inability to avoid taking acetaminophen for 48 hours
* sensitivity to the artificial sweetener Sugar Twin® Sucralose and artificial vanilla extract
* not willing to consume Sugar Twin® Sucralose or Artificial vanilla.
```

## Arms

- **Acid stable emulsion with solid droplets** (EXPERIMENTAL) — Acid stable emulsion with solid droplets will be consumed by participants in one study visit along with 1500 mg of crushed and dissolved acetaminophen.
- **Acid stable emulsion with liquid droplets** (EXPERIMENTAL) — Acid stable emulsion with liquid droplets will be consumed by participants in one study visit along with 1500 mg of crushed and dissolved acetaminophen.
- **Acid unstable emulsion with solid droplets** (EXPERIMENTAL) — Acid unstable emulsion with solid droplets will be consumed by participants in one study visit along with 1500 mg of crushed and dissolved acetaminophen.
- **Acid unstable emulsion with liquid droplets** (EXPERIMENTAL) — Acid unstable emulsion with liquid droplets will be consumed by participants in one study visit along with 1500 mg of crushed and dissolved acetaminophen.

## Interventions

- **Acid stable emulsion with solid droplets** (OTHER) — This will be a 250 mL acid stable beverage emulsion in which the droplets are crystalline. It will have identical similar to the other intervention, i.e. in a set of samples the emulsion lipid droplets are in the liquid state and are either acid stable or unstable and, in the other set of samples they are solid (i.e. crystallized) and are also either acid stable or unstable in the acidic environment of the stomach, and will be introduced at least 7 days apart. The emulsion will contain 20% of the lipid palm stearin with 2.2% of the emulsifier sorbitan monooleate (Tween80)
- **Acid stable emulsion with liquid droplets** (OTHER) — This will be a 250 mL acid stable beverage emulsion in which the droplets are liquid. It will have identical similar to the other intervention, i.e. in a set of samples the emulsion lipid droplets are in the liquid state and are either acid stable or unstable and, in the other set of samples they are solid (i.e. crystallized) and are also either acid stable or unstable in the acidic environment of the stomach, and will be introduced at least 7 days apart. The emulsion will contain 20 % of the lipid palm olein with 2.2% of the emulsifier sorbitan monooleate (Tween80)
- **Acid unstable emulsion with solid droplets** (OTHER) — This will be a 250 mL acid unstable beverage emulsion in which the droplets are solid. It will have identical similar to the other intervention, i.e. in a set of samples the emulsion lipid droplets are in the liquid state and are either acid stable or unstable and, in the other set of samples they are solid (i.e. crystallized) and are also either acid stable or unstable in the acidic environment of the stomach, and will be introduced at least 7 days apart. The emulsion will contain 20% of the lipid palm stearin with 2.5% of the emulsifier sorbitan monostearate (Span60)
- **Acid unstable emulsion with liquid droplets** (OTHER) — This will be a 250 mL acid unstable beverage emulsion in which the droplets are liquid. It will have identical similar to the other intervention, i.e. in a set of samples the emulsion lipid droplets are in the liquid state and are either acid stable or unstable and, in the other set of samples they are solid (i.e. crystallized) and are also either acid stable or unstable in the acidic environment of the stomach, and will be introduced at least 7 days apart. The emulsion will contain 20 % of the lipid palm olein with 2.5% of the emulsifier sorbitan monostearate (Span60)

## Primary Outcomes

- **Changes in triacylglycerol blood concentrations** _(time frame: 6 hours)_ — Based on determination of fasting and postprandial blood triacylglycerol concentration (mmol/L)

## Secondary Outcomes

- **Participant visual analogue scale ratings of feelings of satiety** _(time frame: 6 hours)_
- **Rate of gastric emptying by measuring the changes in acetaminophen blood concentrations** _(time frame: 6 hours)_
- **Changes in fatty acid concentration of blood triacylglycerols** _(time frame: 6 hour)_
- **Changes in satiety hormone blood concentrations** _(time frame: 6 hours)_
- **Changes in concentrations of inflammatory blood markers (ug/mL)** _(time frame: 6 hours)_
- **Rate of gastric emptying by measuring the change in the gastric antrum area** _(time frame: 6 hours)_
- **Changes in glucose blood concentrations** _(time frame: 6 hour)_

## Locations (1)

- University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada

## Recent Field Changes (last 30 days)

- `status.overallStatus` — added _(2026-05-12)_
- `status.primaryCompletionDate` — added _(2026-05-12)_
- `status.completionDate` — added _(2026-05-12)_
- `status.lastUpdatePostDate` — added _(2026-05-12)_
- `design.phases` — added _(2026-05-12)_
- `design.enrollmentCount` — added _(2026-05-12)_
- `eligibility.criteria` — added _(2026-05-12)_
- `eligibility.minAge` — added _(2026-05-12)_
- `eligibility.maxAge` — added _(2026-05-12)_
- `eligibility.sex` — added _(2026-05-12)_
- `outcomes.primary` — added _(2026-05-12)_
- `outcomes.secondary` — added _(2026-05-12)_
- `armsInterventions.arms` — added _(2026-05-12)_
- `armsInterventions.interventions` — added _(2026-05-12)_
- `sponsor.lead` — added _(2026-05-12)_
- `results.hasResults` — added _(2026-05-12)_
- `locations.university of guelph|guelph|ontario|canada` — added _(2026-05-12)_

---

*Canonical: https://parkinsonspathways.com/agent/trials/NCT03990246.md*  
*Source data (authoritative): https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03990246*  
*This page is a raw mirror with no AI summary, no editorial enrichment, and no Parkinson's-specific filtering.*