---
title: The Distribution of Gingival Display and Possible Related Factors Resulting in Gummy Smile
nct_id: NCT04553952
overall_status: COMPLETED
sponsor: Baskent University
study_type: OBSERVATIONAL
primary_condition: Gummy Smile
countries: Turkey (Türkiye)
canonical_url: "https://parkinsonspathways.com/agent/trials/NCT04553952.md"
clinicaltrials_gov: "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04553952"
ct_last_update_post_date: 2020-09-18
last_seen_at: "2026-05-12T07:29:30.784Z"
source: ClinicalTrials.gov (mirrored, no enrichment)
---
# The Distribution of Gingival Display and Possible Related Factors Resulting in Gummy Smile

**Official Title:** Evaluating the Distribution of Gingival Display and Possible Related Factors Resulting in Gummy Smile

**NCT ID:** [NCT04553952](https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04553952)

## Key Facts

- **Status:** COMPLETED
- **Study Type:** OBSERVATIONAL
- **Target Enrollment:** 501
- **Lead Sponsor:** Baskent University
- **Conditions:** Gummy Smile
- **Start Date:** 2019-11-09
- **Completion Date:** 2020-03-22
- **CT.gov Last Update:** 2020-09-18

## Brief Summary

This study primarily aimed to evaluate smile line distribution and prevalence of gummy smile in patients. The secondary purpose was to examine parameters that might be risk factors for gummy smile.

## Detailed Description

this study primarily aimed to evaluate smile line distribution and prevalence of gummy smile in patients. The secondary purpose was to examine parameters that might be risk factors for gummy smile.Age, gender, marital status, medical history, and medication status of the patients were recorded. All individuals were instructed to sit on a dental chair and the measurments were made by using a millimetric ruler.Next, the patients were grouped according to Liebart's classification by gingival display at maximum smile as follows: Class 1.Excessive gingival display (Gummy smile): ≥ 3mm gingival display Class 2.High smile line: 0-2 mm of gingival display Class 3. Average smile line: Dental papilla is visible. Class 4. Low smile line: Gingival margin, dental papilla is not visible at all. Presence of altered passive eruption, short lip and hypermobile upper lip were also evaluated.

## Eligibility

- **Minimum age:** 20 Years
- **Maximum age:** 61 Years
- **Sex:** ALL
- **Healthy Volunteers:** Yes

```
Inclusion Criteria:

* presence of teeth in upper jaw
* Age between 18-65 years

Exclusion Criteria:

* Patients who have received and/or are receiving orthodontic treatment and patients who received gummy smile treatment were excluded.
```

## Arms

- **Gummy smile (GS(+))**
- **Gumms smile(GS(-))**

## Interventions

- **Measurement of gingival display** (OTHER) — All individuals were instructed to sit on a dental chair and the measurements were made by using a millimetric ruler. Next, the patients were grouped according to Liebart's classification by gingival display at maximum smile as follows:

Class 1.Excessive gingival display (Gummy smile): ≥ 3mm gingival display Class 2.High smile line: 0-2 mm of gingival display Class 3. Average smile line: Dental papilla is visible. Class 4. Low smile line: Gingival margin, dental papilla is not visible at all.

## Primary Outcomes

- **Measurement of gingival display** _(time frame: 1 minute)_ — All individuals were instructed to sit on a dental chair and the measurments were made by using a millimetric ruler. Next, the patients were grouped according to Liebart's classification by gingival display at maximum smile as follows:

Class 1.Excessive gingival display (Gummy smile): ≥ 3mm gingival display Class 2.High smile line: 0-2 mm of gingival display Class 3. Average smile line: Dental papilla is visible. Class 4. Low smile line: Gingival margin, dental papilla is not visible at all.

## Locations (1)

- Baskent University,Department of Dentistry, Ankara, Turkey (Türkiye)

## Recent Field Changes (last 30 days)

- `status.overallStatus` — added _(2026-05-12)_
- `status.primaryCompletionDate` — added _(2026-05-12)_
- `status.completionDate` — added _(2026-05-12)_
- `status.lastUpdatePostDate` — added _(2026-05-12)_
- `design.enrollmentCount` — added _(2026-05-12)_
- `eligibility.criteria` — added _(2026-05-12)_
- `eligibility.minAge` — added _(2026-05-12)_
- `eligibility.maxAge` — added _(2026-05-12)_
- `eligibility.sex` — added _(2026-05-12)_
- `outcomes.primary` — added _(2026-05-12)_
- `armsInterventions.arms` — added _(2026-05-12)_
- `armsInterventions.interventions` — added _(2026-05-12)_
- `sponsor.lead` — added _(2026-05-12)_
- `results.hasResults` — added _(2026-05-12)_
- `locations.baskent university,department of dentistry|ankara||turkey (türkiye)` — added _(2026-05-12)_

---

*Canonical: https://parkinsonspathways.com/agent/trials/NCT04553952.md*  
*Source data (authoritative): https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04553952*  
*This page is a raw mirror with no AI summary, no editorial enrichment, and no Parkinson's-specific filtering.*