---
title: The Incidence of Postoperative Pulmonary Complications in Patients With a Positive and Negative AIR-Test During General Anesthesia
nct_id: NCT05345743
overall_status: COMPLETED
sponsor: Academisch Medisch Centrum - Universiteit van Amsterdam (AMC-UvA)
study_type: OBSERVATIONAL
primary_condition: Surgery--Complications
countries: Netherlands
canonical_url: "https://parkinsonspathways.com/agent/trials/NCT05345743.md"
clinicaltrials_gov: "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05345743"
ct_last_update_post_date: 2024-07-03
last_seen_at: "2026-05-12T06:46:34.285Z"
source: ClinicalTrials.gov (mirrored, no enrichment)
---
# The Incidence of Postoperative Pulmonary Complications in Patients With a Positive and Negative AIR-Test During General Anesthesia

**NCT ID:** [NCT05345743](https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05345743)

## Key Facts

- **Status:** COMPLETED
- **Study Type:** OBSERVATIONAL
- **Target Enrollment:** 632
- **Lead Sponsor:** Academisch Medisch Centrum - Universiteit van Amsterdam (AMC-UvA)
- **Conditions:** Surgery--Complications, Atelectasis, Anesthesia
- **Start Date:** 2022-04-21
- **Completion Date:** 2024-06-01
- **CT.gov Last Update:** 2024-07-03

## Brief Summary

The overall objective of this study is to describe the incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications in patients with a positive and negative AIR-test result. Second, the investigators wish to describe the incidence of a positive AIR-test and its association with the development of PPC. In addition, the investigators aim to describe whether mechanical ventilation strategy differs between patients with a positive and negative AIR-test.

## Detailed Description

The 'AIR-test', a method wherein inspiratory oxygen concentration is reduced to 21% and pulse-oximetry hemoglobin saturation (SpO2) is monitored, can be used to demonstrate the presence of an atelectasis-induced alveolar shunt. It remains uncertain whether an intraoperative positive AIR-test is associated with clinical outcomes. It is hypothesized that in a general surgical population, the incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications (PPC) is higher in patients with a positive AIR-test than in patients with a negative AIR-test. The aim of this study is to describe the incidence of PPC in patients with a positive and in patients with a negative AIR-test. Second, the investigators want to describe the incidence of a positive AIR-test and its association with the development of PPC. The investigators also want to evaluate whether mechanical ventilation strategy differs between patients with a positive and negative AIR-test.

## Eligibility

- **Minimum age:** 18 Years
- **Maximum age:** 110 Years
- **Sex:** ALL
- **Healthy Volunteers:** No

```
Inclusion Criteria:

* Patients undergoing surgery under general anesthesia in the Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location Meibergdreef with an Endotracheal Tube;
* Patients \> 18 years;
* Preoperative SpO2 of ≥97%;
* AIR-test performed after induction of anesthesia, in a hemodynamic and respiratory steady state.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Age \< 18 years;
* No consent/objection;
* Patient participated in another conflicting interventional study on mechanical ventilation during general anesthesia
```

## Arms

- **Positive AIR-test** — Patients with a positive intraoperative AIR-test result
- **Negative AIR-test** — Patients with a negative intraoperative AIR-test result

## Interventions

- **Surgery** (PROCEDURE) — All types of surgery requiring general anesthesia

## Primary Outcomes

- **The incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications** _(time frame: The first 5 postoperative days)_ — Respiratory failure; Bronchospasm; Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS); Suspected pulmonary infection; Aspiration pneumonitis; Atelectasis; Pleural effusion; Pulmonary infiltrate; Cardiopulmonary effusion; Pneumothorax

## Secondary Outcomes

- **AIR-test result** _(time frame: Intraoperative period)_
- **Tidal volume during general anesthesia for surgery** _(time frame: Intraoperative period)_
- **Positive End-Expiratory Pressure during general anesthesia for surgery** _(time frame: Intraoperative period)_
- **Peak Pressure during general anesthesia for surgery** _(time frame: Intraoperative period)_
- **Driving Pressure during general anesthesia for surgery** _(time frame: Intraoperative period)_
- **Fraction of Inspired Oxygen during general anesthesia for surgery** _(time frame: Intraoperative period)_
- **End-tidal Carbon Dioxide (CO2) during general anesthesia for surgery** _(time frame: Intraoperative period)_
- **Respiratory Rate during general anesthesia for surgery** _(time frame: Intraoperative period)_
- **The incidence of the individual components of postoperative pulmonary complications** _(time frame: The first 5 postoperative days)_
- **Length of hospital stay** _(time frame: From the day of surgery until the day of discharge, up to day 30)_
- **Rate of all-cause mortality and in-hospital mortality** _(time frame: Postoperative day 5 and postoperative day 30)_

## Locations (1)

- Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, North Holland, Netherlands

## Recent Field Changes (last 30 days)

- `status.overallStatus` — added _(2026-05-12)_
- `status.primaryCompletionDate` — added _(2026-05-12)_
- `status.completionDate` — added _(2026-05-12)_
- `status.lastUpdatePostDate` — added _(2026-05-12)_
- `design.enrollmentCount` — added _(2026-05-12)_
- `eligibility.criteria` — added _(2026-05-12)_
- `eligibility.minAge` — added _(2026-05-12)_
- `eligibility.maxAge` — added _(2026-05-12)_
- `eligibility.sex` — added _(2026-05-12)_
- `outcomes.primary` — added _(2026-05-12)_
- `outcomes.secondary` — added _(2026-05-12)_
- `armsInterventions.arms` — added _(2026-05-12)_
- `armsInterventions.interventions` — added _(2026-05-12)_
- `sponsor.lead` — added _(2026-05-12)_
- `results.hasResults` — added _(2026-05-12)_
- `locations.amsterdam university medical centers|amsterdam|north holland|netherlands` — added _(2026-05-12)_

---

*Canonical: https://parkinsonspathways.com/agent/trials/NCT05345743.md*  
*Source data (authoritative): https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05345743*  
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